Publications

The Flex Monitoring Team completes projects each year in a variety of topic areas such as CAH financial and operational improvement, patient safety, quality of care, Emergency Medical Services, and social determinants of health. These publications aim to evaluate the Flex Program and disseminate information to State Flex Programs, CAHs, and the general public. Our publications offer a wide range of information about Flex Program activities, best practices in CAHs, financial, quality, and community measures, and hospital services. Below is a list of publications from the Flex Monitoring Team. Publications are listed chronologically, in descending order. You can search by title and filter by topics and state. For data reports and publications relevant to specific states, please visit our State Profiles.

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Ariana Pitcher, Ruoyu Zhang, Susie Gurzenda, George Pink, Kristin L. Reiter
Non-operating revenue (NOR) is an important source of hospital revenue; some hospitals are able to use NOR to offset operating losses, improve total…
Ariana Pitcher, Ruoyu Zhang, Susie Gurzenda, George Pink, Kristin L. Reiter
Healthcare Cost Report Information System data from 2011 to 2019 were used to analyze sources of revenue among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) and…
Laura McFadyen, George Pink, Susie Gurzenda, Kristie W. Thompson, Kristin L. Reiter
The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Public Health Emergency funding (PHE funding) on Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) by 1)…
Laura McFadyen, George Pink, Susie Gurzenda, Kristie W. Thompson, Kristin L. Reiter
Using data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Cost Reporting Information System (HCRIS), the Flex Monitoring Team (…
Kristin L. Reiter
This Data Summary Report presents state and national median values of the 23 financial indicators included in the Critical Access Hospital…
Angelina Budko, George Pink, Susie Gurzenda, Ann Howard, Kristin L. Reiter
This brief describes CAH participation in ACOs and the financial performance and organizational characteristics of participating and non-…
Kristin L. Reiter
This Data Summary Report presents state and national median values of the 23 financial indicators included in the Critical Access Hospital…
John Gale, Sara Kahn-Troster, Zach Croll
This brief provides a detailed look at outcome measurement issues for State Flex Program (SFP) interventions conducted under Program Area 2:…
Ira Moscovice, Madeleine Pick, Megan Lahr, Nathan Bean, Keelia Silvis
The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the financial and operational pressures on small rural hospitals, including Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).…
Laura McFadyen, Kathleen Knocke, George Pink, Ann Howard, Kristin L. Reiter
There is growing evidence to suggest that affiliation with a health system may have important implications for rural hospitals. However, most studies…